JIST

Abstract

Snakebite envenomation remains a significant public health concern in India, particularly in rural areas, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional observational pilot study evaluated the clinical profile of snakebite patients and the impact of anti-snake venom (ASV) dosing on outcomes at a tertiary care center in northern India. A total of 51 patients admitted between September and October 2022 were included. Most patients were males (62.7%) and belonged to the 20–40-year age group, with a predominance from rural areas (84.31%). The majority of bites occurred during nocturnal hours and at home. Neurotoxic envenomation was the most common presentation, with ptosis, visual disturbances, and respiratory distress frequently observed. A large proportion of patients were referred from peripheral centers, often after receiving incomplete or no ASV, and harmful first-aid practices such as tourniquet application were common. The mean ASV dose administered was 22.18 vials, with no significant difference between neurotoxic and hemotoxic cases. Mechanical ventilation was required in 31.37% of patients. Most patients recovered without disability, while mortality was 7.84%. The study highlights gaps in early management, inappropriate first-aid practices, and variability in ASV use, emphasizing the need for improved peripheral care, timely intervention, and standardized treatment protocols.