JIST

Abstract

Background: Amitraz, a formamidine pesticide widely used in veterinary and agricultural practice, has emerged as an important cause of poisoning in India. Its clinical manifestations often resemble organophosphorus or clonidine poisoning, making early diagnosis difficult. However, epidemiological data from southern India remain limited.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical profile, complications, management, and outcomes of patients with Amitraz poisoning presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at KIMS Teaching Hospital, Koppal, from July 2023 to December 2024. Fifty adult patients with confirmed Amitraz poisoning were enrolled. Demographic details, clinical features, laboratory investigations, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. Routine investigations included complete blood count, renal and liver function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, electrocardiography, and chest radiography. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.

Results: Patients aged 18–30 years constituted 54% of the study population, with males accounting for 68%. Farmers were the most affected occupational group (46%), and suicidal ingestion accounted for 98% of cases. Vomiting (92%), nausea (68%), and dizziness (48%) were the commonest symptoms. Bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, and pupillary abnormalities were observed in 12%, 28%, 22%, and 40% of patients, respectively. Hyperglycemia and glycosuria occurred in 14%, while respiratory alkalosis (8%) and metabolic acidosis (4%) were uncommon. Ventilatory support was required in 14%, whereas 86% recovered with supportive care.

Conclusion: Amitraz poisoning predominantly affects young males following intentional ingestion. Although cardiovascular and metabolic complications may occur, most patients recover with early diagnosis and prompt supportive management.